Difference between revisions of "TUT:snmptranslate"

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The SNMP protocol tends to work with numeric OIDs and raw values.  One of the main roles of the MIB files is to convert these into more meaningful textual names and sensibly formatted values.
 
The SNMP protocol tends to work with numeric OIDs and raw values.  One of the main roles of the MIB files is to convert these into more meaningful textual names and sensibly formatted values.
  
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While most of the Net-SNMP command-line applications can control how the results of an SNMP query are displayed, there is one tool (<tt>snmptranslate</tt>) which can be used standalone, simply displaying information drawn from the MIB files themselves.
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While most of the Net-SNMP command-line applications can control how the results of an SNMP query are displayed, there is one tool (<tt>[[snmptranslate]]</tt>) which can be used standalone, simply displays information drawn from the MIB files themselves.
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See [[TUT:Using and loading MIBS]].
  
 
== OID Conversion ==
 
== OID Conversion ==

Latest revision as of 23:35, 30 June 2011

The SNMP protocol tends to work with numeric OIDs and raw values. One of the main roles of the MIB files is to convert these into more meaningful textual names and sensibly formatted values.

While most of the Net-SNMP command-line applications can control how the results of an SNMP query are displayed, there is one tool (snmptranslate) which can be used standalone, simply displays information drawn from the MIB files themselves.

See TUT:Using and loading MIBS.

OID Conversion

In its simplest form, snmptranslate takes a numeric OID and displays the corresponding textual MIB name: 

     % snmptranslate .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0
     SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0

It can also perform the reverse translation, taking the textual MIB name and displaying the numeric OID. This uses the -On flag: 

     % snmptranslate -On SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0
     .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0

There are several other ways of displaying an OID, which are described in TUT:Customized_Output_Formats. One of these is to show the full list of MIB subidentifier names, using the -Of flag: 

     % snmptranslate -Of SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0
     .iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0

Note that these flags determine how the OID should be displayed, regardless of how it was originally specified: 

 % snmptranslate .iso.3.6.1.private.enterprises.2021.2.1.prNames.0
 NET-SNMP-MIB::prNames.0
 % snmptranslate -On .iso.3.6.1.private.enterprises.2021.2.1.prNames.0
 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2.1.2.0
 % snmptranslate -Of .iso.3.6.1.private.enterprises.2021.2.1.prNames.0
 .iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.0


Specifying a MIB object

The examples above identified a particular object, either by providing the full list of MIB subidentifiers (numeric, textual or a mixture), or by specifying the relevant MIB module containing the desired MIB object. However MIB objects are guaranteed to be unique within IETF standard MIBs (and are rarely duplicated across vendor-supplied MIBs either). So it would usually be sufficient to simply give the bare MIB object name, with no further qualifications. Snmptranslate uses the -IR flag to do this "random-access" lookup: 

   % snmptranslate sysUpTime.0
   Invalid object identifier: sysUpTime.0
   % snmptranslate -IR sysUpTime.0
   SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0

(The other commands do this by default - only snmptranslate needs it to be explicitly turned on).

It's even possible to provide a regex pattern, and have snmptranslate (or the other command-line tools) do a "best-match" search to find the appropriate MIB object. This uses the -Ib flag: 

   % snmptranslate -Ib 'sys.*ime'
   system.sysUpTime

However these approaches do run the risk (however slight) of selecting the wrong MIB object. It's safest to use one of the earlier forms.

To get a list of all the nodes that match a given pattern, use the -TB flag: 

   % snmptranslate -TB 'sys.*ime'
   SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime
   SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime
   HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemUptime

Further Information

To get extended information about a particular MIB node, use the -Td flag to display the full description from the MIB file: 

  % snmptranslate -On -Td SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime
  .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3
  sysUpTime OBJECT-TYPE
    -- FROM       SNMPv2-MIB, RFC1213-MIB
    SYNTAX        TimeTicks
    MAX-ACCESS    read-only
    STATUS        current
    DESCRIPTION   "The time (in hundredths of a second) since the network
              management portion of the system was last re-initialized."
  ::= { iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) mgmt(2) mib-2(1) system(1) 3 }

This can be combined with the other flags described earlier: 

  % snmptranslate -On -Td -IR sysUpTime
  % snmptranslate -On -Td -Ib 'sys.*ime'

to give the same results.

Finally, it's possible to display a formatted diagram of a selected subset of the MIB tree, using the -Tp flag: 

   % snmptranslate -Tp -IR system
   +--system(1)
      |
      +-- -R-- String    sysDescr(1)
      |        Textual Convention: DisplayString
      +-- -R-- ObjID     sysObjectID(2)
      +-- -R-- TimeTicks sysUpTime(3)
      +-- -RW- String    sysContact(4)
      |        Textual Convention: DisplayString
      +-- -RW- String    sysName(5)
      |        Textual Convention: DisplayString
      +-- -RW- String    sysLocation(6)
      |        Textual Convention: DisplayString
      +-- -R-- Integer   sysServices(7)
      +-- -R-- TimeTicks sysORLastChange(8)
      |        Textual Convention: TimeStamp
      |
      +--sysORTable(9)
         |
         +--sysOREntry(1)
            |
            +-- ---- Integer   sysORIndex(1)
            +-- -R-- ObjID     sysORID(2)
            +-- -R-- String    sysORDescr(3)
            |        Textual Convention: DisplayString
            +-- -R-- TimeTicks sysORUpTime(4)
                     Textual Convention: TimeStamp

This shows the accessibility (read-only, or read-write), syntax, name and subidentifier of each MIB object within the specified subtree, together with the internal structure of those MIB objects.

Running snmptranslate -Tp without an OID argument will display this information for the known MIB tree in its entirety. This is left as an exercise for the student!

Tutorial Sections

About the SNMP Protocol

These tutorial links talk about SNMP generically and how the protocol itself works. They are good introductory reading material and the concepts are important to understand before diving into the later tutorials about Net-SNMP itself.

Net-SNMP Command Line Applications

These tutorial pages discuss the command line tools provided in the Net-SNMP suite of tools. Nearly all the example commands in these tutorials works if you try it yourself, as they're all examples that talk to our online Net-SNMP test agent. Given them a shot!

Application Configuration

All of our applications support configuration to allow you to customize how they behave.

Net-SNMP Daemons

Net-SNMP comes with two long-running daemons: a SNMP agent (snmpd) for responding to management requests and a notification receiver (snmptrapd) for receiving SNMP notifications.

Coding Tutorials

Net-SNMP comes with a highly flexible and extensible API. The API allows you to create your own commands, add extensions to the agent to support your own MIBs and perform specialized processing of notifications.

Debugging SNMP Applications and Agents

All our tools and applications have extensive debugging output. These tutorials talk about how the debugging system works and how you can add your own debugging statements to you code:

Operating System Specific Tutorials

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